OSU Extension Catalog

• Patricia A. Skinkis
• Jay W. Pscheidt
• Marcelo Moretti
• Vaughn M. Walton
• Achala KC
• Clive Kaiser

Table 3. SThis guide is for managers of commercial vineyards in Oregon. It provides recommendations for chemicals, formulations and usage rates of products that are intended to prevent, manage and control vineyard diseases, insects, mites and weeds. When considering a pesticide, evaluate its efficacy and its impact on beneficial arthropods, honey bees and the environment. Not all registered pesticides are listed in this guide. These recommendations are based on research, label directions and vineyard-use experience for Oregon.

It is important to have a thorough knowledge of grapevine phenology, or growth stage, in relation to the current seasonal climate and how it relates to pests. Pest control starts with correctly identifying the pest — whether it is a weed, insect or disease — as well as understanding how that pest develops in relation to the crop and the season. All of these parameters will help determine the stages at which the pest is most susceptible to control measures. This is true whether those control measures are cultural methods (canopy management, soil tillage, etc.) or chemical applications (fungicide, insecticide or herbicide).

Factors such as cultivar, planting density, vine vigor, canopy characteristics, pest complex and pest history are important for optimizing pest control decisions. Also consider timing, application rate, the method of application and the volume of water to use to improve the efficacy of management measures.

This guide mentions trade name products and services as illustrations only. This does not mean that Oregon State University endorses these products and services, or intends to discriminate against products and services not mentioned.

Occasionally, new formulations of a product (or similar formulations containing a different concentration of an active ingredient) may be registered for use on grapes and the pests listed on the label but may not be listed in this guide. Consult the labels of alternative products to determine whether they offer advantages over the products listed in this guide. Product formulations, application rates and registration status may change. For this reason, the details in this guide are accurate to the knowledge of the authors just prior to publication. Determine label rates of all products used on your vineyard and verify current registration status with the Oregon Department of Agriculture.

Refer to the pesticide label for instructions on the use of a specific product. The product label is a legal document that explains effective rates and methods for its use. Using the product in ways other than those described on the label is a violation of the law.

Two questions are frequently asked about the chemical control of insects and diseases:

• “How much chemical do I use per acre?”
• “What is the least amount of water per acre I will need to apply using my spray tank?”

Table 3 offers suggestions for the amount of formulated product to use per acre. Rates are based on a 7- to 15-year-old producing vineyard planted at a moderate density (5-foot vine spacing, 7-foot row spacing) with moderate pest pressure.

In some circumstances, vineyards may need a lower amount of total chemical material or volume. This applies to vineyards early in the growing season when canopies are smaller; vineyards with smaller canopies; vineyards that are 1 to 4 years old; and locations with less severe pest pressure and infestations. A higher volume (within label limits) may be required later in the growing season and for large vines with dense canopies or heavy pest pressure.

Many insecticide labels indicate the minimum water volume needed per acre to apply concentrated sprays and how to calculate the amount of chemical needed per acre. Read and follow the product label before spraying.

Some product label directions may indicate dilute applications. Be sure to do the following:

• Make sure tank-mixes of pesticides are compatible. For example, an elevated pH of some boron spray solutions can weaken many insecticides, leading to lower efficacy.
• Use adjuvants and spreader-stickers with caution. Most contact herbicides applied to growing weeds require a surfactant or adjuvant to maximize efficacy.

Vineyard pest management timing

The seasonal layout used in this guide is based on vine phenology throughout the year. Optimal pest management should be timed to coincide with vine phenology, pest presence, pest population levels and climate conditions.

At each vine phenology stage, we refer to a descriptor for vine growth and the corresponding growth stage number.

Table 3 provides an overview of the seasonal growth stages and management timing. Please refer to the specific growth stages illustrated in Table 2.

Use these growth stage numbers and descriptors in vineyard management record keeping; they provide a standardized method to report data for historical reference.

Table 2. Principal growth stages

 

Table 3. Seasonal vineyard pest management: weeds, insects, mites and fungal diseases

This table provides information on some of the effective pesticides with current labels on the market. These products include those that may be conducive to a variety of farming programs, including conventional, sustainable, organic and biodynamic programs. However, no designation is provided for specific certification-approved spray programs. Be sure to check with your farm certification agency for approved and prohibited products. Not all commercially available pesticides are listed. Products are listed with their application rates, mode of action group, re-entry interval, preharvest interval and important considerations. The application rates are listed in units provided by the product label or by active ingredient, or ai. Footnotes provide further information. Remember these points:

• Alternative, nonchemical management strategies such as cultural practices (leaf removal, vigor control, etc.) may be possible, allowing for no-chemical or reduced-chemical use for certain pests. See remarks throughout and footnote 5.
• Depending on the region, insect and mite pests only occasionally pose an economic impact in Oregon vineyards. Do not use insecticide sprays unless the insect or mite pest has been identified, a negative economic impact is probable, and pest pressure has reached an action threshold.
• Pesticide labels are subject to alteration or cancellation at any time; always consult a current product label for usage and application rates. You can access labels from various online sources, including:

  • NPRO – National Pesticide Information Center Pesticide Research Online

  • Crop Data Management Systems

  You can access labels from various online sources; see “Pest management resources.”

• Contact the Oregon Department of Agriculture at 503-986-4635 or pestx@oda.state.or.us for more questions about pesticide registration and legal use of products.

Key to tables

REI: Re-entry interval

PHI: Preharvest interval

ai: Active ingredient

Group codes: These refer to the product’s mode of action classification. These group codes are designated by the following:

• WSSA: Weed Science Society of America
• FRAC: Fungicide Resistance Action Committee
• IRAC: Insecticide Resistance Action Committee

 

 

 

Table 4. Effectiveness of fungicides for control of grape diseases

These ratings are relative rankings based on labeled application rates, good spray coverage and proper spray timing. Actual levels of disease control will be influenced by these factors in addition to cultivar susceptibility, disease pressure, resistant pathogens and weather conditions.

 

 

Powdery mildew strategy

• The powdery mildew spray program is based on sulfur, alternated with fungicides of various FRAC groups: Torino (Group U6), Vivando/Prolivo (Group 50), Quintec (Group 13) or combination products with Group 7 fungicides. Tank mixing fungicides from different groups is also a successful strategy. Unfortunately, resistance to the DMIs (Group 3) and strobilurins (Group 11) has been confirmed throughout Oregon. Resistance to Group 7 is suspected.
• Short (seven-day) spray intervals and high rates of sulfur are used during the most critical infection periods near bloom and post-fruit set. Spray adjuvants may improve efficacy of sulfur. Alternate the use of Torino (Group U6), Vivando/Prolivo (Group 50), or Quintec (Group 13) between sulfur applications. New York recommends tank mixing sulfur with fungicides that are at a high risk of resistance development. M-Pede or JMS Stylet oil can be used to slow an infection when protectant fungicides fail to provide complete control. CAUTION: Stylet oil cannot be used within 10 days of a sulfur application, and M-Pede cannot be used within three days of a sulfur application.
• Several products may already contain two different fungicides, such as Aprovia Top, Inspire Super, Luna Experience, Luna Sensation, Miravis Prime, Pristine, Quadris Top, Topguard EQ or Unicorn. These also may be used in rotation, but be careful not to rotate them with products that contain the same fungicide group (FRAC code). Resistance to one or both components is possible.
• Potassium bicarbonate-based materials could be used to supplement a normal, season-long program. They will not eradicate powdery mildew once an epidemic has started.

Botrytis bunch rot strategy

• Cultural practices are critical for the effective control of Botrytis. Managing vine vigor and reducing canopy density through proper shoot thinning, hedging and leaf removal are key. Cluster zone leaf removal that is well timed has been just as effective against Botrytis bunch rot as fungicides alone, particularly during years of dry weather during harvest.
• Rain events dictate incidence and severity of Botrytis bunch rot observed. Use rain forecasts to guide applications during bloom and from véraison to harvest. However, in western Oregon, it is a safe bet to apply a fungicide at bloom since it is common to have rain events from bloom to fruit set. This will help avoid issues of later season Botrytis development.
• Fungicides should be applied before a rain event.
• Primary products to consider in rotation or for tank mixing or both include Rovral (or generics, Group 2), Scala or Vangard (Group9), Miravis Prime (Group 7+12), or Switch (Group 9 + 12). Resistance to Elevate and Endura (Kenja and Aprovia, Group 7) have been widely detected in the PNW on Botrytis infested small fruit crops. In the absence of testing, your historical use of any “at-risk fungicide” will be the best predictor of resistance.
• JMS stylet oil can be tank mixed with Rovral.
• A higher rate of FRAC Group 2 materials may be needed for adequate control. For example, Rovral should not be used below the 1.5 pt/A rate.

Table 6. Botrytis bunch rot of grapes

Botrytis cinerea will infect grape berries from 53°F with as few as four hours of berry wetness. The number of berries infected rises with increased hours of berry wetness. This table is based on a Botrytis bunch rot infection model. Apply fungicides after a medium risk occurs during the growing season.

Temperature (°C)	Temperature (°F)	Min. number of hours of berry wetness* (medium risk)	Min. number of hours of berry wetness* (high risk)
30	86	28.8	32.2
29	84.2	22.4	25.9
28	82.4	19.0	22.1
27	80.6	16.9	19.5
26	78.8	15.3	17.8
25	77	14.3	16.5
24	75.2	13.5	15.6
23	73.4	13.0	15.0
22	71.6	12.6	14.7
21	69.8	12.5	14.5
20	68	12.5	14.4
19	66.2	12.6	14.6
18	64.4	12.9	14.9
17	62.6	13.4	15.5
16	60.8	14.1	16.3
15	59	15.1	17.4
14	57.2	16.5	19.1
13	55.4	18.5	21.4
12	53.6	21.5	24.9

*If berries are dry for fewer than four hours, the wet periods are considered one event. If berries are dry for more than four hours, the wet periods are considered separate events.

Table 7. Seasonal use of herbicides based on active ingredient

Seasonal timing of herbicide use is based on vine phenology and climatic conditions, such as rainfall and soil moisture. Postharvest interval (PHI) is listed in days. Special remarks are listed after the product ingredient.

Dormant

Prebloom/Bloom/Fruit set to preharvest

Harvest

Nov

Dec

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sept

Oct

Herbicide type/active ingredient

Remarks

PHI

Fall

00

1-60

61-69

71-88

Soil-active (pre-emergent use)

dichlobenil

-

x

x

x

x

x

diuron

Apply in winter as single application or split

-

x

x

x

x

x

indaziflam

Rainfall needed

14

x

x

x

x

x

isoxaben

365

x

x

x

x

x

x

napropamide

35

x

x

x

x

x

x

norflurazon

60

x

x

x

x

x

x

oryzalin

Needs rainfall/soil moisture

0

x

x

x

x

x

x

oxyfluorfen

Dormant/from bloom to 14 days before harvest

60

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

pendimethalin

Any time after harvest, dormant, spring

0

x

x

x

x

x

x

pronamide

In fall after harvest but before soil freezes

-

x

x

simazine

Harvest to spring

-

x

x

x

x

x

x

trifluralin

60

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Contact/translocated

carfentrazone

May use all year; use caution to avoid spotting on fruit

3

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

clethodim

Nonbearing vineyards

365

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

diquat

Nonbearing vineyards

365

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

fluazifop

Nonbearing vineyards

365

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

glufosinate

14

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

glyphosate

Do not apply when green foliage is in the spray zone

14

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

paraquat

na

x

x

x

x

x

pyraflufen

Postharvest, dormant

0

x

x

x

x

x

sethoxoydim

Anytime when weeds are actively growing

50

x

x

x

x

x

x

Soil and foliar active

flazasulfuron

spring

75

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

flumioxazin

Shielded sprayers required from budbreak to harvest

60

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

oxyflourfen

Dormant to prebloom; from fruit set to 14 days before harvest

60

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

sulfentrazone

Fall through bloom, or after bloom with a shielded sprayer

3

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Weed management: preplant and vineyard establishment

Table 8 highlights the herbicide products available for weed control during preplant and vineyard establishment (termed nonbearing on the labels). Herbicide use is often contingent upon the age of the vineyard. Some products can only be used in nonbearing vineyards, or have restrictions with regard to timing and the first harvest year. Read product labels closely to ensure proper use of the product.

Other herbicide recommendations for bearing vineyards are listed in Table 3.

Table 8. Weed control, preplant and establishment years

Weed control timing and herbicide product/active ingredient	Amount of material/A	Group (WSSA)	REI	PHI	Remarks
Preplanting (year 0)
Reglone/diquat dibromide	24–32 oz	22	24 hr	1 yr	For use in nonbearing vineyards only. Apply to completely cover foliage of rapidly growing weeds. Add a nonionic surfactant. Best control when weeds are 1 to 6 inches high.
Roundup and other products/ glyphosate	Consult label	9	4 hr	14 d	Apply to weeds at least 10 days before planting the crop. Use highest rate on field bindweed. Rain within six hours after application may reduce effectiveness. Do not apply if weeds are in mature growth stages (e.g., producing seeds) or under stress from drought.
Treflan/trifluralin	0.5–1 lb ai	3	12 hr	60 d	Apply pre-plant and incorporate immediately by cross- disking or rototilling. Use lower rates on sandy soils or soil containing low organic matter levels, and use higher rates in soils with 2% to 10% organic matter. See label for detailed rate guidelines.
New plantings (years 1–3)
Devrinol DF-XT napropamide	4 lb ai	15	24 hr	70 d	Pre-emergent herbicide. Apply after planting to firm soil, with no debris, before weeds germinate. Shallow tillage improves activity. Avoid exposure of transplant roots contacting soil. Light-sensitive and can photo-decompose after four days. Do not leave on soil surface for more than three weeks in winter (fall to early spring) or 24 hours in other times of year. XT formulation may allow longer times to incorporation without reducing efficacy. Low residual activity. Only one application can be made annually.
Envoy Plus/clethodim	Consult label	1	24 hr	1 yr	For use in nonbearing vineyards only where the vines will not bear fruit for at least one year following application. Apply to actively growing grass weeds, including annual bluegrass, at growth stage listed on label. Read label carefully for adjuvant instructions and for information about effects of rain within one hour, applications of other pesticides, or cultivation. Do not apply more than 64 fl oz/A per season.
Fusilade DX (OR)/fluazifop	Varies, see label	1	12 hr	50 d (bearing) 1 yr (non-bearing)	Can be applied to bearing grapes under supplemental label. Apply to actively growing grasses, or within seven days of irrigation as a directed spray with 1% crop oil or 0.25% nonionic surfactant. Identify grass weeds and adjust rates, depending on susceptibility and stage of growth, as label instructs. Results often are erratic on grasses stressed from lack of vigor, drought, high temperature or low fertility. More mature grasses and quackgrass can be controlled but may require two applications. Annual bluegrass and all fine fescues resist treatment. Do not apply more than 24 fl oz/A per application. Do not exceed 72 fl oz/A per season. Applications must be at minimum 14 days apart.
Goal 2XL/oxyfluorfen	0.25–0.5 lb ai (1-2 pts product)	14	24 hr	60 d	Rate varies based on weed species. Apply only to vineyards with healthy vines and while dormant. Direct the spray toward the base of vines, avoiding direct plant contact. Use only on vines that are trained to a trellis and are at least 3 feet above the soil surface. Acts on contact, either directly on broadleaf weeds or at soil surface as weeds emerge. Controls broadleaf weeds pre- and postemergence, depending on rate of application and weed species.
Poast/sethoxydim	0.28–0.47 lb ai (1.5–2.5 qt product)	1	12 hr	50 d	Rate varies based on weed species. Identify susceptible grasses and apply at optimum growth stage listed on label. Add 2 pt/A of a non-phytotoxic crop oil concentrate to improve leaf absorption. Control often is erratic on grasses stunted or stressed from drought, high temperatures, or low fertility. Resistant grasses include annual bluegrass and all fine fescues; quackgrass can be suppressed. Do not exceed 5 pt/A per season.
Prowl 3.3 or Prowl H20/pendimethalin	Check labels for rates	3	24 hr	90 d	Pre-emergent herbicide. Apply to newly planted grapes when dormant, before buds swell and after soil settles around vines and cracks are gone. Spray directly on the soil surface below vines. Overhead irrigation or rain is required within seven days for herbicide activation. Weeds are affected as they germinate. For use in either nonbearing vineyards only or in bearing and nonbearing vineyards, depending on product and formulation. Check the label for details.
Rely 280/glufosinate	0.375–1. 5 lb ai	10	12 hr	14 d	Apply to actively growing weeds as a directed spray or spot treatment. Rate depends on size of the weeds to be controlled (consult label). Shield green tissue or bark from contact or injury will occur. Do not exceed 4.5 lb ai/A per season (12 months).
Roundup and other products/glyphosate	Consult label	9	—4 hr	14 d	Apply to actively growing weeds for site preparation or in nonbearing crops one year before first harvest. Avoid contact with green vine foliage or suckers. Follow all precautions on label. To avoid weed resistance, rotate and mix weed control practices.
Snapshot 2.5 TG/isoxaben + trifluralin	100–200 lb product	3 + 21	12 hr	1 yr	Identify weeds and determine rate of application based on label. For use in nonbearing vineyards only. Apply to weed- and debris-free soil. Do not apply at the time of planting. Soil must be settled with water and free from cracks following transplanting before the product can be used. Activate within 21 days of application using 0.5 inch of water or shallow cultivation before weeds begin to emerge. Follow label instructions for repeat treatments.
Surflan AS/oryzalin	2–6 lb ai (2-6 qt product)	3	24 hr	---	Preemergent herbicide. Apply after transplanting to firm soil before weeds germinate. Requires irrigation, rain or shallow cultivation (1 to 2 inches) to activate. Rate depends on duration of weed control desired. Do not exceed 12 lb ai/A per year.
Trellis SC/isoxaben	Consult label	21	12 hr	1 yr	Labeled for bearing and nonbearing vineyards. Rate varies based on weed species. Control weeds growing from seeds. Apply before germination of targeted weeds or immediately after cultivation to debris-free soil. Activate with 0.5 inch of water or shallow cultivation before weeds begin to emerge. Chemical stability remains adequate when left on the soil surface for 21 days. Identify weeds and adjust rates according to charts on label. Do not apply to newly transplanted vines until soil has settled and cracks disappear.

Sprayer calibration

It is important that sprayers are properly maintained, calibrated and operated to ensure that the products are applied at the correct rates. All sprayers should be calibrated before the first use each season and periodically during the season to deal with changes in canopy size. Cornell Pesticide Application Technology provides many resources for vineyard spraying, including sprayer calibration.

Using pesticides safely

Basic elements of safe pesticide use

• Identify the pest (weed, insect, mite, or disease) that needs to be managed. This is required in order to select the correct type of pesticide to achieve the results needed.
• Minimize use of pesticide by timing applications that will allow maximum efficacy based on the biology of the plant and the pest and current environmental conditions. When possible, do targeted applications within affected regions using pesticides that are less persistent and have a narrow range of impact.
• Always read the pesticide label with care. This is the first step in selecting the right material for the job. Never rely on your memory. Before opening the container, pay close attention to warnings and cautions on the label.
• Keep all pesticide and spray materials out of the reach of children, pets and irresponsible persons.
  Storage outside of the home, away from food and feed, and under lock and key is the safest method.
• Store pesticides only in the original container. Keep tightly closed.
• NEVER smoke, eat or drink while handling pesticides.
• Avoid inhalation or direct contact. Always wear protective clothing and safety devices as recommended on the label.
• Avoid spills. If spills occur, take immediate action to remove contaminated clothing and wash thoroughly.
• After each application, bathe and change to clean clothing. Wash clothing after each use. Always use fresh clothing when starting new application.
• Avoid contamination of fish ponds and water supplies. Cover feed and water containers when treating around livestock or pet areas.
• Keep separate equipment for use with hormone-type herbicides to avoid accidental injury to susceptible plants. Also avoid applications under wind conditions that could create drift to nontarget areas.
• Rinse empty containers three times before disposing of them. Add the rinse to the spray tank and dispose of containers according to local regulations to avoid hazard to humans, animals and the environment.
• Follow label directions for mixing and application to keep residues within the limits prescribed by law.
• Plan ahead. Discuss with your physician the materials you will be using during the season so that he or she can be prepared to provide the appropriate treatment in case of accidental exposure. If symptoms of illness occur, call the physician or get the patient to a hospital immediately. Always provide the medical personnel with as much information as possible.
• Be cautious when you apply pesticides. Know your legal responsibility as a pesticide applicator. You may be liable for injury or damage resulting from pesticide use.

Always read the label

The single most important approach to pesticide safety is to read the pesticide label before each use and then follow the directions. If still in doubt after reading the label, contact a person qualified to help evaluate the hazard of the chemical and its use. Qualified people include Extension specialists, county educators, pesticide product representatives and retailers.

Pesticides are toxic and should be handled with care — but can be used safely if you follow recommended precautions. Follow all label requirements, and strongly consider any recommendations for additional personal protective clothing and equipment. In addition to reading and following the label, other major factors in the safe and effective use of pesticides are the pesticide applicator’s qualifications, common sense and positive attitude. Always take all safety precautions when using pesticides.

In case of accidents involving pesticides, see your doctor at once. It will help your doctor to know exactly which pesticide is involved. The label on the container gives this information. Take to the physician the pesticide label or information from the label, such as the product name, registration number of the Environmental Protection Agency, the common name and percentage of active ingredient, and first-aid instructions. If the label cannot be removed, take along the pesticide container (if not contaminated), but do not take it into the hospital or doctor’s office.

Pesticide safety checklist

• Use pesticides only when necessary and as part of an Integrated Pest Management program. Always read
the label and follow the instructions.
• Do not allow children to play around sprayers or mixing, storage and disposal areas. Wear appropriate protective clothing and equipment.
• Avoid drift into nontarget areas and pesticide runoff into streams, rivers, lakes, irrigation ponds and canals.
• Have access to clean water, soap and first-aid supplies.
• Keep pesticides in a dry and locked storage area away from food and feed.
• Stay out of recently sprayed areas until the spray has dried, and observe the restricted-entry intervals specified on the pesticide label.
• Follow the preharvest interval on the pesticide label before harvesting crops or gardens and before allowing livestock to graze fields.

Oregon Poison Center

Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239

Phone: 1-800-222-1222

If a person has collapsed or is not breathing, dial 911.

Organic, sustainable and integrated production resources

Demeter Association

Purpose: The mission of the Demeter Association is to foster, encourage and improve biodynamic methods and practices by certifying growers, processors and manufacturers of biodynamic foodstuffs, and by carrying out other activities and education programs as may be appropriate. Demeter operates exclusively for agricultural and horticultural purposes. Demeter certifies farms as either biodynamic or in conversion to biodynamic.

Evaluation criteria: Demeter certification is in accord with many practices that characterize the certification of organic farms. For example, pesticide use follows the national organic program. However, certain practices are unique to biodynamic agriculture. See technical guidelines and standards.

Food Alliance

Purpose: Promotes sustainable agriculture by recognizing farmers who produce food in environmentally and socially responsible ways and educating consumers and others in the food system about the benefits of sustainable agriculture.

Evaluation criteria: Certifies a wide variety of farm and ranch products in the Northwest and Midwest. Practices are ranked in a point system with four levels of achievement within each category of evaluation.

International Organization for Biological and Integrated Control of Noxious Animals and Plants

Purpose: IOBC/WPRS promotes the use of sustainable, environmentally safe, economically feasible and socially acceptable control methods of pests and diseases of agricultural and forestry crops. IOBC/WPRS encourages collaboration in the development and promotion of biological and integrated production systems.

Evaluation criteria: All farms certified by an IOBC-endorsed organization must be supervised and their achievements monitored, evaluated and documented according to international rules. Evaluation is based on farm inspection and submitted farm records. Evaluation of farm records is based on completeness and plausibility of records taken, nutrient balance (N and P), all agrichemical inputs and all disqualification criteria. All farm records are evaluated regardless of the field inspection. Technical Bulletins detailing guidelines can be ordered.

Low Input Viticulture & Enology

Purpose: A sustainable agriculture program providing vineyards and wineries with official certification for agricultural practices that are modeled after international standards of integrated production. The intent is to increase vineyard and winery sustainability and best management practices while maintaining fruit and wine quality. Education regarding sustainable production practices is also a component of this program.

Evaluation criteria: It is the intent of the LIVE organization to certify vineyards and wineries that have complied with the requirements of the integrated production program based on best management practices with respect to vineyard efficiency and environmental standards. The success of the program relies on strict adherence to the philosophy and rules of the program. Semiannual site inspections, review of required farm documents, and periodic sampling form the basis for assuring the public that members certified by LIVE have complied with all aspects of the program. Evaluation criteria are based on LIVE Technical Guidelines.

Oregon Department of Agriculture Organic Certification Program

Purpose: This state program administers the regulations outlined by the National Organic Program for agricultural producers who wish to certify their land and agricultural products as “organic” or “made with organic.”

Evaluation criteria: Organic standards outlined by the NOP are enforced. The website has direct links to information from the NOP, including program standards, a national list of approved and prohibited substances, and links to the Organic Material Review Institute. Contents of the National List are based upon a Proposed National List, with annotations, as recommended to the Secretary by the National Organic Standards Board.

Oregon Tilth

Purpose: Tilth is a nonprofit research and education organization certifying organic farmers, processors, retailers and handlers throughout Oregon, the United States and internationally.

Evaluation criteria: Oregon Tilth provides certification to ensure that the agreed-upon conventions of organic agriculture systems are being practiced. Uses a National List of Allowed and Prohibitive Substances based on the National Organic Program final rule and Organic Production Act of 1990.

Organic Material Review Institute

To view the organic materials list online, go to OMRI Products List. The list can also be purchased.

Purpose: Provides information about organic materials used in production, processing, and handling. Serves as a reference, providing comprehensive interpretation of materials used on other organization lists.

Evaluation criteria: Rates crop production materials as “Allowed” or “Regulated.” Annual subscriptions are available to receive materials lists, and certifiers can receive certifier subscriber information.

Salmon-Safe

Purpose: Works with leading farmers throughout the Northwest to help restore salmon habitat on farmland by planting trees, growing cover crops, improving irrigation systems, and applying natural methods to control weeds and pests.

Evaluation criteria: The certification process can be downloaded online from the website. Salmon-Safe works in collaboration with the certifiers of LIVE and Oregon Tilth, providing additional certification to those who are certified under these organizations.

Pest management resources

Herbicide drift

Preventing Herbicide Drift and Injury to Grapes, EM 8860

Best Management Practices for Managing Herbicide Resistance, PNW 754,

Phylloxera

How to Scout for Grape Phylloxera in Vineyards

Grape Phylloxera: Biology and Management in the Pacific Northwest, EC 1463-E

Rodent Control

Principles of Vertebrate Management

Attracting Birds of Prey for Rodent Control, EC 1641

Meadow Voles and Pocket Gophers: Management in Lawns, Gardens, and Croplands, PNW 627

Pest management handbooks

A number of useful pest management handbooks are available online, and updated annually. You can view, download or print them for free from the OSU Extension Catalog.

Pacific Northwest Plant Disease Management Handbook

Pacific Northwest Insect Management Handbook

Pacific Northwest Weed Management Handbook

Field Guide for Integrated Pest Management in Pacific Northwest Vineyards

Relative toxicities of pesticides and miticides to natural enemies and pollinators

Relative Toxicities of Insecticides and Miticides Used in Grapes to Natural Enemies and Honey Bees (table)

Natural Enemies Handbook: An Illustrated Guide to Biological Pest Control, ANR Publication 3386

Pesticide labels and registration information

Chemical registrations for pesticides can change at any time. To be sure that a product is registered for use in Oregon, use one of the following online databases. You can download product labels from many of them.
Oregon Department of Agriculture, Pesticides Program

Search for pesticides registered in Oregon

NPRO — National Pesticide Information Center Product Research Online

PICOL — Pesticide Information Center Online

CDMS — Crop Data Management Systems

Agrian Label Look Up

Worker protection standards, pesticide and farm safety

National Worker Protection Standard Training and Compliance Materials

Oregon Fatality Assessment and Evaluation — Farm safety outreach to prevent fatalities

Grape production

Wine grape production — OSU Extension

National Clean Plant Network for Grapes

This website has useful information about grapevine certification. Obtain up-to-date information on the newest virus concerns such as Grapevine red blotch associated virus.

Trade-name products and services are mentioned as illustrations only. This does not mean that the Oregon State University Extension Service either endorses these products and services or intends to discriminate against products and services not mentioned.

Use pesticides safely!

• Wear protective clothing and safety devices as recommended on the label. Bathe or shower after each use.
• Read the pesticide label—even if you’ve used the pesticide before. Follow closely the instructions on the label (and any other directions you have).
• Be cautious when you apply pesticides. Know your legal responsibility as a pesticide applicator. You may be liable for injury or damage resulting from pesticide use.

Extension work is a cooperative program of Oregon State University, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and Oregon counties. Oregon State University Extension Service offers educational programs, activities, and materials without discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, religion, sex, gender identity (including gender expression), sexual orientation, disability, age, marital status, familial/parental status, income derived from a public assistance program, political beliefs, genetic information, veteran’s status, reprisal or retaliation for prior civil rights activity. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Oregon State University Extension Service is an AA/EOE/Veterans/Disabled.