This guide is for managers of commercial vineyards in Oregon. It provides recommendations for chemicals, formulations and usage rates of products that are intended to prevent and, manage vineyard diseases, insects, mites and weeds. When considering a pesticide, evaluate its efficacy and its impact on beneficial arthropods, honey bees and the environment. Not all registered pesticides are listed in this guide. These recommendations are based on research, label directions and vineyard-use experience for Oregon.
It is important to relate pest knowledge with that of grapevine phenology, or growth stage, and the current seasonal climate. Pest control starts with correctly identifying the pest — whether it is a weed, insect or disease — as well as understanding how that pest develops in relation to the crop and the season. All of these parameters will help determine the stages at which the pest is most susceptible to control measures. This is true whether those control measures are cultural (canopy management, soil tillage, etc.) or chemical applications (fungicide, insecticide or herbicide).
Factors such as cultivar, planting density, vine vigor, canopy characteristics, pest complex and pest history are important for optimizing pest control decisions. Consider timing, application rate, method and volume of application to optimally target the pest and improve the efficacy of management measures.
This guide mentions trade name products and services as illustrations only. This does not mean that Oregon State University endorses these products and services, or intends to discriminate against products and services not mentioned.
Occasionally, new formulations of a product (or similar formulations containing a different concentration of an active ingredient) may be registered for use on grapes and the pests listed on the label but may not be listed in this guide. Consult the labels of alternative products to determine whether they offer advantages over the products listed in this guide. Product formulations, application rates and registration status may change at any time. The details in this guide are accurate to the knowledge of the authors just prior to publication. Determine label rates of all products used on your vineyard and verify current registration status with the Oregon Department of Agriculture.
Refer to the pesticide label for instructions on the use of a specific product. The product label is a legal document that explains effective rates and methods for its use. Using the product in ways other than those described on the label is a violation of the law.
Two questions are frequently asked about the chemical control of pests:
Tables 3 and 5 offer suggestions for the amount of formulated product to use per acre. Rates are based on a 7- to 15-year-old producing vineyard planted at a moderate density (5-foot vine spacing, 7-foot row spacing) with moderate pest pressure.
Some locations may need a lower amount of chemical material or volume. These include vineyards early in the growing season when canopies are smaller; vineyards with smaller canopies; vineyards that are 1 to 4 years old; and locations with less severe pest pressure and infestations. A higher volume or rate (within label limits) may be required later in the growing season, in vineyards with large vine canopies and when there is high pest pressure.
Some insecticide labels indicate water volume needed per acre to apply dilute or concentrated sprays associated with specific application techniques, such as dilute aerial applications. Be sure to read the label to determine how to calculate the amount of chemical needed per acre.
Make sure tank-mixes of pesticides are compatible. For example, an elevated pH of some boron spray solutions can weaken many insecticides, leading to lower efficacy.
Use adjuvants and spreader-stickers with caution. Most contact herbicides applied to growing weeds require a surfactant or adjuvant to maximize efficacy.
The seasonal layout used in this guide is based on vine phenology throughout the year. Optimal pest management should be timed to coincide with vine phenology, pest presence, pest population levels and climate conditions.
At each vine phenology stage, we refer to a descriptor for vine growth and the corresponding growth stage number.
Table 3 provides an overview of the seasonal growth stages and management timing. Please refer to the specific growth stages illustrated in Table 2.
Use these growth stage numbers and descriptors in vineyard management record keeping; they provide a standardized method to report data for historical reference.
This table provides information on some of the effective pesticides with current labels on the market. These products include those that may be conducive to a variety of farming programs, including conventional, sustainable, organic and biodynamic programs. However, no designation is provided for specific certification-approved spray programs. Be sure to check with your farm certification agency for approved and prohibited products. Not all commercially available pesticides are listed. Products are listed with their application rates, mode of action group, re-entry interval, preharvest interval and important considerations. The application rates are listed in units provided by the product label or by active ingredient, or ai. Footnotes provide further information. Remember these points:
• NPRO – National Pesticide Information Center Pesticide Research Online
• Crop Data Management Systems
You can access labels from various online sources; see “Pest management resources.”
Key to tables
REI Re-entry interval
PHI Preharvest interval
ai Active ingredient
Group codes: These refer to the product’s mode of action classification. These group codes are designated by the following:
These ratings are relative rankings based on labeled application rates, good spray coverage and proper spray timing. Actual levels of disease control will be influenced by these factors in addition to cultivar susceptibility, disease pressure, resistant pathogens and weather conditions.
See Table 5
Unfortunately, powdery mildew has formed resistance to various fungicide groups, including Groups 3, 7 and 11. Group 3 and strobilurins (Group 11) have been confirmed throughout Oregon. Resistance to Group 7 is suspected. The example powdery mildew spray program provided is based on sulfur and uses synthetic fungicides that avoid these three fungicide classes or tank mixes with other fungicide classes. Sulfur is alternated with fungicides such as Torino (Group U6), Vivando/Prolivo (Group 50), Quintec (Group 13), or combination products that contain multiple modes of action. Tank mixing fungicides from different groups is also a successful strategy if using single mode of action products.
Short (seven-day) spray intervals and high rates of sulfur are used during the most critical infection periods near bloom and post-fruit set. Spray adjuvants may improve efficacy of sulfur. Alternate the use of Torino (Group U6), Vivando/Prolivo (Group 50), or Quintec (Group 13) between sulfur applications. We recommend tank mixing sulfur with fungicides that are at a high risk of resistance development, such as Groups 3, 7 and 11. M-Pede or JMS Stylet oil can be used to slow an infection when protectant fungicides fail to provide complete control. However, oils or soaps cannot be used within a certain number of days after sulfur application; check labels for specific intervals.
Several fungicide products may already contain two different fungicide groups, such as Aprovia Top, Inspire Super, Luna Experience, Luna Sensation, Miravis Prime, Pristine, Quadris Top, Topguard EQ or Unicorn. These also may be used in rotation, but be careful not to rotate them with products that contain the same fungicide groups (FRAC codes). Resistance to one or both components is possible.
Potassium bicarbonate-based materials could be used to supplement a normal, season-long program. They will not eradicate powdery mildew once an epidemic has started.
Cultural practices are critical for the effective control of Botrytis. Managing vine vigor and reducing canopy density are key. This can be done through proper shoot thinning, hedging and leaf removal in areas of the Willamette Valley or can be accomplished by regulated deficit irrigation in arid regions. Cluster zone leaf removal that is well timed has been just as effective against Botrytis bunch rot as fungicides alone, particularly during years of dry weather during harvest.
Rain events dictate incidence and severity of Botrytis bunch rot observed. Use rain forecasts to guide applications during bloom and from véraison to harvest. Fungicides should be applied before a rain event. In western Oregon, it is a safe bet to apply a fungicide at bloom since it is common to have rain events from bloom to fruit set. This will help avoid issues of later season Botrytis development.
Primary fungicides to consider in rotation, for tank mixing or both include Rovral (or generics, Group 2), Scala or Vangard (Group 9), Miravis Prime (Group 7 + 12) or Switch (Group 9 + 12). Resistance to Rovral, Elevate and Endura (Kenja or Aprovia, Group 7) have been widely detected in the PNW on Botrytis infested small fruit crops. In the absence of testing, your historical use of any at-risk fungicide will be the best predictor of potential resistance.
JMS stylet oil can be tank mixed with Rovral.
A higher rate of FRAC Group 2 materials may be needed for adequate control. For example, Rovral should not be used below the 1.5 pt/A rate.
Botrytis cinerea will infect grape berries from 53°F with as few as four hours of berry wetness. The number of berries infected rises with increased hours of berry wetness. This table is based on a Botrytis bunch rot infection model. Apply fungicides after a medium risk occurs during the growing season.
Temperature (°C) |
Temperature (°F) |
Min. number of hours of berry wetness* |
Min. number of hours of berry wetness* |
30 |
86 |
28.8 |
32.2 |
29 |
84.2 |
22.4 |
25.9 |
28 |
82.4 |
19.0 |
22.1 |
27 |
80.6 |
16.9 |
19.5 |
26 |
78.8 |
15.3 |
17.8 |
25 |
77 |
14.3 |
16.5 |
24 |
75.2 |
13.5 |
15.6 |
23 |
73.4 |
13.0 |
15.0 |
22 |
71.6 |
12.6 |
14.7 |
21 |
69.8 |
12.5 |
14.5 |
20 |
68 |
12.5 |
14.4 |
19 |
66.2 |
12.6 |
14.6 |
18 |
64.4 |
12.9 |
14.9 |
17 |
62.6 |
13.4 |
15.5 |
16 |
60.8 |
14.1 |
16.3 |
15 |
59 |
15.1 |
17.4 |
14 |
57.2 |
16.5 |
19.1 |
13 |
55.4 |
18.5 |
21.4 |
12 |
53.6 |
21.5 |
24.9 |
*If berries are dry for fewer than four hours, the wet periods are considered one event. If berries are dry for more than four hours, the wet periods are considered separate events.
Seasonal timing of herbicide use is based on vine phenology and climatic conditions, such as rainfall and soil moisture. Postharvest interval (PHI) is listed in days. Special remarks are listed after the product ingredient.
Dormant |
Prebloom/Bloom/Fruit set to preharvest |
Harvest |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Nov |
Dec |
Jan |
Feb |
Mar |
Apr |
May |
Jun |
Jul |
Aug |
Sept |
Oct |
||||||||||||||
Herbicide type/active ingredient |
Remarks |
PHI |
Fall |
00 |
1-60 |
61-69 |
71-88 |
||||||||||||||||||
Soil-active (pre-emergent use) |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
dichlobenil |
- |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
|||||||||||||||||||
diuron |
Apply in winter as single application or split |
- |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
||||||||||||||||||
indaziflam |
Rainfall needed |
14 |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
||||||||||||||||||
isoxaben |
60 |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
||||||||||||||||||
napropamide |
35 |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
||||||||||||||||||
norflurazon |
60 |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
||||||||||||||||||
oryzalin |
Needs rainfall/soil moisture |
0 |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
|||||||||||||||||
oxyfluorfen |
Dormant/from bloom to 14 days before harvest |
60 |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
||||||||||||
pendimethalin |
Any time after harvest, dormant, spring |
0 |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
|||||||||||||||||
pronamide |
In fall after harvest but before soil freezes |
- |
x |
x |
|||||||||||||||||||||
simazine |
Harvest to spring |
- |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
|||||||||||||||||
trifluralin |
60 |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
|||||||||||||
Contact/translocated |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
carfentrazone |
May use all year; use caution to avoid spotting on fruit |
3 |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
|||||||||||
clethodim |
Nonbearing vineyards |
365 |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
|||||||||||
diquat |
Nonbearing vineyards |
365 |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
|||||||||||
fluazifop |
Nonbearing vineyards |
365 |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
|||||||||||
glufosinate |
14 |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
||||||||||||
glyphosate |
Do not apply when green foliage is in the spray zone |
14 |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
||||||||||||||
paraquat |
na |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
|||||||||||||||||||
pyraflufen |
Postharvest, dormant |
0 |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
||||||||||||||||||
sethoxoydim |
Anytime when weeds are actively growing |
50 |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
|||||||||||||||||
tiafenacil |
Anytime when weeds are actively growing |
7 |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
|||||||||
Soil and foliar active |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
flazasulfuron |
spring |
75 |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
||||||||||||||
flumioxazin |
Shielded sprayers required from budbreak to harvest |
60 |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
||||||||||||||||
oxyflourfen |
Dormant to prebloom; from fruit set to 14 days before harvest |
60 |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
||||||||||||
sulfentrazone |
Fall through bloom, or after bloom with a shielded sprayer |
3 |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
Table 8 highlights the herbicide products available for weed control during preplant and vineyard establishment (termed “nonbearing” on the labels). Herbicide use is often contingent upon the age of the vineyard. Some products can only be used in nonbearing vineyards, or have restrictions relative to the first harvest year. Read product labels closely to ensure proper use of the product.
Other herbicide recommendations for bearing vineyards are listed in Table 3.
Table 8. Weed control, preplant and establishment years
Weed control timing and herbicide product/active ingredient |
Amount of material/A |
Group (WSSA) |
REI |
PHI |
Remarks |
Preplanting (year 0) |
|||||
Reglone/diquat dibromide |
24–32 oz |
22 |
24 hr |
1 yr |
For use in nonbearing vineyards only. Apply to completely cover foliage of rapidly growing weeds. Add a nonionic surfactant. Best control when weeds are 1 to 6 inches high. |
Roundup and other products/ glyphosate |
Consult label |
9 |
4 hr |
14 d |
Apply to weeds at least 10 days before planting the crop. Use highest rate on field bindweed. Rain within six hours after application may reduce effectiveness. Do not apply if weeds are in mature growth stages (e.g., producing seeds) or under stress from drought. |
Treflan/trifluralin |
0.5–1 lb ai |
3 |
12 hr |
60 d |
Apply pre-plant and incorporate immediately by cross- disking or rototilling. Use lower rates on sandy soils or soil containing low organic matter levels, and use higher rates in soils with 2% to 10% organic matter. See label for detailed rate guidelines. |
New plantings (years 1–3) |
|||||
Devrinol DF-XT/napropamide |
4 lb ai |
15 |
24 hr |
70 d |
Pre-emergent herbicide. Apply after planting to firm soil, with no debris, before weeds germinate. Shallow tillage improves activity. Avoid exposure of transplant roots contacting soil. Light-sensitive and can photo-decompose after four days. Do not leave on soil surface for more than three weeks in winter (fall to early spring) or 24 hours in other times of year. XT formulation may allow longer times to incorporation without reducing efficacy. Low residual activity. Only one application can be made annually. |
Envoy Plus/clethodim |
Consult label |
1 |
24 hr |
1 yr |
For use in nonbearing vineyards only where the vines will not bear fruit for at least one year following application. Apply to actively growing grass weeds, including annual bluegrass, at growth stage listed on label. Read label carefully for adjuvant instructions and for information about effects of rain within one hour, applications of other pesticides, or cultivation. Do not apply more than 64 fl oz/A per season. |
Fusilade DX (OR)/fluazifop |
Varies, see label |
1 |
12 hr |
50 d (bearing) 1 yr (non-bearing) |
Can be applied to bearing grapes under supplemental label. Apply to actively growing grasses, or within seven days of irrigation as a directed spray with 1% crop oil or 0.25% nonionic surfactant. Identify grass weeds and adjust rates, depending on susceptibility and stage of growth, as label instructs. Results often are erratic on grasses stressed from lack of vigor, drought, high temperature or low fertility. More mature grasses and quackgrass can be controlled but may require two applications. Annual bluegrass and all fine fescues resist treatment. Do not apply more than 24 fl oz/A per application. Do not exceed 72 fl oz/A per season. Applications must be at minimum 14 days apart. |
Goal 2XL/oxyfluorfen |
0.25–0.5 lb ai (1-2 pts product) |
14 |
24 hr |
60 d |
Rate varies based on weed species. Apply only to vineyards with healthy vines and while dormant. Direct the spray toward the base of vines, avoiding direct plant contact. Use only on vines that are trained to a trellis and are at least 3 feet above the soil surface. Acts on contact, either directly on broadleaf weeds or at soil surface as weeds emerge. Controls broadleaf weeds pre- and postemergence, depending on rate of application and weed species. |
Poast/sethoxydim |
0.28–0.47 lb ai (1.5–2.5 qt product) |
1 |
12 hr |
50 d |
Rate varies based on weed species. Identify susceptible grasses and apply at optimum growth stage listed on label. Add 2 pt/A of a non-phytotoxic crop oil concentrate to improve leaf absorption. Control often is erratic on grasses stunted or stressed from drought, high temperatures, or low fertility. Resistant grasses include annual bluegrass and all fine fescues; quackgrass can be suppressed. Do not exceed 5 pt/A per season. |
Prowl 3.3 or Prowl H20/pendimethalin |
Check labels for rates |
3 |
24 hr |
90 d |
Pre-emergent herbicide. Apply to newly planted grapes when dormant, before buds swell and after soil settles around vines and cracks are gone. Spray directly on the soil surface below vines. Overhead irrigation or rain is required within seven days for herbicide activation. Weeds are affected as they germinate. For use in either nonbearing vineyards only or in bearing and nonbearing vineyards, depending on product and formulation. Check the label for details. |
Rely 280/glufosinate |
0.375–1. 5 lb ai |
10 |
12 hr |
14 d |
Apply to actively growing weeds as a directed spray or spot treatment. Rate depends on size of the weeds to be controlled (consult label). Shield green tissue or bark from contact or injury will occur. Do not exceed 4.5 lb ai/A per season (12 months). |
Roundup and other products/glyphosate |
Consult label |
9 |
4 hr |
14 d |
Apply to actively growing weeds for site preparation or in nonbearing crops one year before first harvest. Avoid contact with green vine foliage or suckers. Follow all precautions on label. To avoid weed resistance, rotate and mix weed control practices. |
Snapshot 2.5 TG/isoxaben + trifluralin |
100–200 lb product |
3 + 21 |
12 hr |
1 yr |
Identify weeds and determine rate of application based on label. For use in nonbearing vineyards only. Apply to weed- and debris-free soil. Do not apply at the time of planting. Soil must be settled with water and free from cracks following transplanting before the product can be used. Activate within 21 days of application using 0.5 inch of water or shallow cultivation before weeds begin to emerge. Follow label instructions for repeat treatments. |
Surflan AS/oryzalin |
2–6 lb ai (2-6 qt product) |
3 |
24 hr |
--- |
Preemergent herbicide. Apply after transplanting to firm soil before weeds germinate. Requires irrigation, rain or shallow cultivation (1 to 2 inches) to activate. Rate depends on duration of weed control desired. Do not exceed 12 lb ai/A per year. |
Trellis SC/isoxaben |
Consult label |
21 |
12 hr |
60 d |
Labeled for bearing and nonbearing vineyards. Rate varies based on weed species. Control weeds growing from seeds. Apply before germination of targeted weeds or immediately after cultivation to debris-free soil. Activate with 0.5 inch of water or shallow cultivation before weeds begin to emerge. Chemical stability remains adequate when left on the soil surface for 21 days. Identify weeds and adjust rates according to charts on label. Do not apply to newly transplanted vines until soil has settled and cracks disappear. |
It is important that sprayers are properly maintained, calibrated and operated to ensure that the products are applied at the correct rates. All sprayers should be calibrated before the first use each season and periodically during the season to deal with changes in canopy size. Washington State University’s Pesticide Application Technology website provides many resources for vineyard spraying, including sprayer calibration.
The single most important approach to pesticide safety is to read the pesticide label before each use and then follow the directions. If still in doubt after reading the label, contact a person qualified to help evaluate the hazard of the chemical and its use. Qualified people include Extension specialists, county educators, pesticide product representatives and retailers.
Pesticides are toxic and should be handled with care — but can be used safely if you follow recommended precautions. Follow all label requirements, and strongly consider any recommendations for additional personal protective clothing and equipment. In addition to reading and following the label, other major factors in the safe and effective use of pesticides are the pesticide applicator’s qualifications, common sense and positive attitude. Always take all safety precautions when using pesticides.
In case of accidents involving pesticides, see your doctor at once. It will help your doctor to know exactly which pesticide is involved. The label on the container gives this information. Take to the physician the pesticide label or information from the label, such as the product name, registration number of the Environmental Protection Agency, the common name and percentage of active ingredient, and first-aid instructions. If the label cannot be removed, take along the pesticide container (if not contaminated), but do not take it into the hospital or doctor’s office.
Oregon Health & Science University
3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Road
Portland, OR 97239
Phone: 1-800-222-1222
If a person has collapsed or is not breathing, dial 911.
Purpose: The mission of the Demeter Association is to foster, encourage and improve biodynamic methods and practices by certifying growers, processors and manufacturers of biodynamic foodstuffs, and by carrying out other activities and education programs as may be appropriate. Demeter operates exclusively for agricultural and horticultural purposes. Demeter certifies farms as either biodynamic or in conversion to biodynamic.
Evaluation criteria: Demeter certification is in accord with many practices that characterize the certification of organic farms. For example, pesticide use follows the national organic program. However, certain practices are unique to biodynamic agriculture. For technical guidelines and standards, visit
http://demeter-usa.org/for-farmers/farm-processing-standards.asp
Purpose: Promotes sustainable agriculture by recognizing farmers who produce food in environmentally and socially responsible ways and educating consumers and others in the food system about the benefits of sustainable agriculture.
Evaluation criteria: Certifies a wide variety of farm and ranch products in the Northwest and Midwest. Practices are ranked in a point system with four levels of achievement within each category of evaluation.
Purpose: IOBC/WPRS promotes the use of sustainable, environmentally safe, economically feasible and socially acceptable control methods of pests and diseases of agricultural and forestry crops. IOBC/WPRS encourages collaboration in the development and promotion of biological and integrated production systems.
Evaluation criteria: All farms certified by an IOBC-endorsed organization must be supervised and their achievements monitored, evaluated and documented according to international rules. Evaluation is based on farm inspection and submitted farm records. Evaluation of farm records is based on completeness and plausibility of records taken, nutrient balance (N and P), all agrichemical inputs and all disqualification criteria. All farm records are evaluated regardless of the field inspection. Technical Bulletins detailing guidelines can be ordered.
Purpose: A sustainable agriculture program providing vineyards and wineries with official certification for agricultural practices that are modeled after international standards of integrated production. The intent is to increase vineyard and winery sustainability and best management practices while maintaining fruit and wine quality. Education regarding sustainable production practices is also a component of this program.
Evaluation criteria: It is the intent of the LIVE organization to certify vineyards and wineries that have complied with the requirements of the integrated production program based on best management practices with respect to vineyard efficiency and environmental standards. The success of the program relies on strict adherence to the philosophy and rules of the program. Semiannual site inspections, review of required farm documents, and periodic sampling form the basis for assuring the public that members certified by LIVE have complied with all aspects of the program. Evaluation criteria are based on LIVE Technical Guidelines.
Purpose: This state program administers the regulations outlined by the National Organic Program for agricultural producers who wish to certify their land and agricultural products as “organic” or “made with organic.”
Evaluation criteria: Organic standards outlined by the NOP are enforced. The website has direct links to information from the NOP, including program standards, a national list of approved and prohibited substances, and links to the Organic Material Review Institute. Contents of the National List are based upon a Proposed National List, with annotations, as recommended to the Secretary by the National Organic Standards Board.
Purpose: Tilth is a nonprofit research and education organization certifying organic farmers, processors, retailers and handlers throughout Oregon, the United States and internationally.
Evaluation criteria: Oregon Tilth provides certification to ensure that the agreed-upon conventions of organic agriculture systems are being practiced. Uses a National List of Allowed and Prohibitive Substances based on the National Organic Program final rule and Organic Production Act of 1990.
To view the organic materials list online, go to “OMRI Products List.” The list can also be purchased. For direct access to the online searchable list, go to: http://omri.org/OMRI_datatable.php.
Purpose: Provides information about organic materials used in production, processing, and handling. Serves as a reference, providing comprehensive interpretation of materials used on other organization lists.
Evaluation criteria: Rates crop production materials as “Allowed” or “Regulated.” Annual subscriptions are available to receive materials lists, and certifiers can receive certifier subscriber information.
Purpose: Works with leading farmers throughout the Northwest to help restore salmon habitat on farmland by planting trees, growing cover crops, improving irrigation systems, and applying natural methods to control weeds and pests.
Evaluation criteria: The certification process can be downloaded online from the website. Salmon-Safe works in collaboration with the certifiers of LIVE and Oregon Tilth, providing additional certification to those who are certified under these organizations.
Preventing Herbicide Drift and Injury to Grapes, EM 8860
Best Management Practices for Managing Herbicide Resistance, PNW 754
How to Scout for Grape Phylloxera in Vineyards
Grape Phylloxera: Biology and Management in the Pacific Northwest, EC 1463-E
Principles of Vertebrate Management
Attracting Birds of Prey for Rodent Control, EC 1641
Meadow Voles and Pocket Gophers: Management in Lawns, Gardens, and Croplands, PNW 627
A number of useful pest management handbooks are available online, and updated annually. You can view, download or print them for free from the OSU Extension Catalog.
Pacific Northwest Plant Disease Management Handbook
Pacific Northwest Insect Management Handbook
Pacific Northwest Weed Management Handbook
Field Guide for Integrated Pest Management in Pacific Northwest Vineyards
Relative Toxicities of Insecticides and Miticides Used in Grapes to Natural Enemies and Honey Bees (table)
Natural Enemies Handbook: An Illustrated Guide to Biological Pest Control, ANR Publication 3386
Chemical registrations for pesticides can change at any time. To be sure that a product is registered for use in Oregon, use one of the following online databases. You can download product labels from many of them.
Oregon Department of Agriculture, Pesticides Program
Search for pesticides registered in Oregon
NPRO — National Pesticide Information Center Product Research Online
PICOL — Pesticide Information Center Online
CDMS — Crop Data Management Systems
National Worker Protection Standard Training and Compliance Materials
Oregon Fatality Assessment and Evaluation — Farm safety outreach to prevent fatalities
Wine grape production — OSU Extension
National Clean Plant Network for Grapes
This website has useful information about grapevine certification. Obtain up-to-date information on the newest virus concerns such as Grapevine red blotch associated virus.